Karl Heinrich Marx Was A Philosopher - Free Essay Example

Karl Heinrich Marx was a philosopher, economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He was among the most important thinkers of the 1800s. Marx published Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital, anti-capitalist works that form the basis of Marxism. These publications helped form a foundation for the political and economic system known as Communalism. Born May 5, 1818, Karl Marx was from a large family of Protestant in the town of Trier, Germany. Both Marxs parents were born into Jewish families. However, they had converted to Lutheranism before his birth due to the enforcement of anti-Jewish laws by the government. Although Marx was influenced by both Christian and Jewish teaching during his younger years, he had rejected both religions and became an atheist and a materialist. In 1835, Marx began his study of law at the University of Bonn. He transferred to the University of Berlin in the next year, where he shifted his focus to philosophy. In 1841, Marx earned a doctorate in philosophy at the University in Jena. At the time the Prussias royal family were deeply religious and controlled most jobs in the University in the German-speaking world. Marx was known as a critic of religion and of the Prussian government, which ended his hopes for a job as a professor. Due to Marxs criticism of religion, he turned to journalism. He became an associate editor of Rheinische Zeitung, a radical newspaper in Cologne. As a student, Marx was heavily influenced by the works of G. W. F. Hegel, French socialists, and British free-market thinkers. By the mid-1840s, Marx adopted the four fundamental elements of his philosophy. First is Hegels idea that history progresses through a necessary series of conflicts. Second, the idea of materialism, a belief considers material possessions and physical succeeds spiritual values. Third, the idea that socialism and its emphasis on public ownership of property used for economic production. And lastly, the idea of capitalism of market forces determine economic activity. There are several notable publications of Karl Marx that made great impact to todays world. The Communist Manifesto, published in1848, is his most famous work. At the time the western world experienced economic and social collapse due to the defects of capitalism. The Manifesto provides the foundation for the working class, whom joined together to form International Workingmens Association and called itself communist. Marxs Das Kapital offered a theoretical explanation of how capitalism developed and how it can be transformed into Communism. He argued that the division of social classes created inevitable conflicts that drove civilization throughout the history. Eventually, the swelling working class created by Capitalisms overproduction of goods and services and shrinking of owner class would break the system. The working class would revolt and seize control of the government and end the idea of social classes. Lead to a government that no longer needed to enforce public ownership of property and create true Communist society. Karl Marx made considerable contributions to the evolution of economic thought. He deepened the concept of value according to work, offered a system that reconsidered the fairness of profit distributions, and proposed a system in which the well-being of the worker not only based on the salary received for the work, but also in relation to personal development. His view of economy inspired the raise of Soviet Union, one of the most powerful Communist country in the history. Other Communist countries include the nations of Eastern Europe, that were under the control of Soviet Union, and as well as China, Cuba, North Korea, and Vietnam. Although most of the communist countries today had either declined or introduced capitalist elements into their policy, Marxs influence on government still affects the notions of social conflict, historical development, and classes struggles throughout the world. As for today, some aspect of the capitalist system criticized by Marx had been verified by some contemporary publications on financial crises.

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead versus Hamlet Essay

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, written in the 1960s by playwright Tom Stoppard, is a transforation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Stoppard effectively relocates Shakespeare’s play to the 1960s by reassessing and revaluating the themes and characters of Hamlet and considering core values and attitudes of the 1960s- a time significantly different to that of Shakespeare. He relies on the audience’s already established knowledge of Hamlet and transforms a revenge tragedy into an Absurd drama, which shifts the focus from royalty to common man. Within Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, Stoppard uses a play within a play to blur the line that defines reality, and in doing so creates confusion both onstage- with his characters, and offstage-†¦show more content†¦Stoppard brings two relatively insignificant characters for Hamlet into focus in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead. Common man into the ‘spotlight’, as he represented the majority of society- 1960s’ audiences were interested in characters that they could empathize with and relate to. By focussing on Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Stoppard brings offstage Hamlet onstage. This change in orientation gives audiences a new perspective on Hamlet and a different interpretation of Shakespeare’s most famous play. The themes of Man’s ability to take action, as well as Destiny and Death in Hamlet, are maintained in Stoppard’s play, but he brings into the text an awareness and understanding of his society, and through these themes, explores different values that were inherent in the 1960s. Man’s ability to take action is an individual’s willingness to accept responsibility for his actions and take control of his life. In Hamlet, Shakespeare uses his characters to show the power a man has when he accepts his purpose, which was preordained by God. Stoppard revises this Elizabethan value through the portrayal of his characters Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, who refuse to take an active role in the running of their life. He reflects on the differences between the societies, and demonstrates the confusion and conflicting beliefs and attitudes of the 1960s as shown in Stoppard’s characters that, out of completeShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet And Tom Stopp ard s Rosencrantz And Guildenstern Are Dead2522 Words   |  11 PagesIn The Eyes of Two Fools William Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, are contrasting plays with a variety of similarities. Shakespeare’s Hamlet was written between the years 1599 to 1602 and is a play about tragedy set in the Kingdom of Denmark. Hamlet is about the young prince of Denmark, Hamlet, seeking revenge against his uncle, Claudius, for succeeding the throne after murdering his father, King Hamlet, and immediately marrying his widowed mother, GertrudeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - The Tale Of A Juvenile Prince1197 Words   |  5 Pages Hamlet is the tale of a juvenile prince determined to reveal the truth about his father’s recent quietus. Hamlet’s uncle ,Claudius, marries his mother the queen, and therefore, takes the throne. In Act 1 (scene 5), Hamlet is told by the apparition of his dead father that it was his uncle, who murdered him. The theme that remains consistent throughout this tribulation is appearance versus reality. The characters introduced throughout the play, appear to be caring and honest, but in reality areRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 1221 Words   |  5 Pages Shakespeare’s Hamlet is the tale of a young prince determined to uncover the truth about his father’s recent death. 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The characters introduced to us throughoutRead MoreEssay about Hamlet Analysis3010 Words   |  13 PagesScript Analysis Hamlet Analysis Part I: Tracking Events, Trigger to Heap†¦ Ghost appears and then leaves Horatio decides to tell Hamlet about the ghost He tells Hamlet about the ghost Hamlet decides that he wants to see the ghost Hamlet sees the ghost Hamlet follows the ghost Ghost tells Hamlet about his death Hamlet decides to get more information / prove what the ghost was saying before doing anything about it Hamlet swears his friends to secrecy about what the ghost said andRead More Reality and Illusion in Shakespeares Hamlet - Appearance versus Reality1078 Words   |  5 PagesAppearance versus Reality in Hamlet      Ã‚   Shakespeares play, Hamlet, is a tale of a young prince who must ascertain the truth regarding his fathers death. Throughout the play, the fundamental theme of appearance versus reality is constant. The majority of the main characters hide behind veils of lies and deceptions, obscuring the truth to the point that nearly nothing of their actual selves are visible. The labyrinth of deception is so twisted that only Hamlet is aware of the truth, and onlyRead More Denmark s A Prison : Sovereignty, Surveillance And Oppression1211 Words   |  5 PagesPresley Balholm English 155 Response Paper #1 â€Å"Denmark’s a prison†: Sovereignty, Surveillance and Oppression in Hamlet In Act II, Scene II, Hamlet characterizes his oppression by the state by comparing it to one of the clearest manifestations of the government’s control over the subject’s body: a prison, â€Å"A goodly one, in which there are many confines, wards and dungeons, Denmark being one o’ th’ worst† (Act II, Scene II). This statement succinctly describes the claustrophobicRead MoreHamlet- Suicide Essay2453 Words   |  10 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet- Signifying Death Regardless of a persons age or literary preference it is undeniable that William Shakespeare had a flair for composing dramatic tragedies. Tragedy, when evident is a powerful underlining theme which portrays the qualities of the human capacity. In one of Shakespeares most brilliant plays, Hamlet, tragedy is portrayed through the protagonists constant contemplation of suicide. Shakespeare often alludes to powerful images of death by usingRead MoreEssay about The Tragedy of Hamlet2246 Words   |  9 Pagesbrilliant plays, Hamlet, tragedy is portrayed through the protagonist’s constant contemplation of suicide. Shakespeare often alludes to powerful images of death by using pathos and bereavement in life to be inconsequential. In the play, Hamlet, William Shakespeare produces a tragedy which illustrates the suggestion of suicide and the imagery of death as solutions to problems through Ophelia’s demise, the minor characters reflection upon death, and most impo rtantly the protagonist Hamlet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  FirstlyRead More Reality and Illusion in Shakespeares Hamlet - Appearance versus Reality1608 Words   |  7 PagesAppearance versus Reality in Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Appearance versus reality is one of the central themes of Shakespeares play, Hamlet. The characters in the play assume roles for the purpose of concealment - Claudius, in reality a murderer and usurper, plays the roles of grieving brother and rightful king; the adulterous Gertrude plays the role of a most seeming-virtuous queen when she is, in her sons view, a most pernicious woman. Even Hamlet himself assumes the role of a madman in his attemptRead MoreEssay On Frailty In Hamlet1879 Words   |  8 Pages Due to Hamlet’s psychological state, he felt confused and betrayed by his mother. His mother marrying his dead father’s brother opened gates to his madness. To Hamlet’s mind, women represent frailty; they are weak and regard them as an embodiment of weakness. He referred to his mother as a morally and spiritually weak woman as her incestuous inconstancy drove her to remarry immediately after her husband’s death and that she committed a sin. The most notable frailty of Gertrude seems to be that,

Tourism Marketing Term Paper Example

Essays on Tourism Marketing: Great Wall of China as a Tourist Attraction Term Paper The paper "Tourism Marketing: Great Wall of China as a Tourist Attraction" is a good example of a term paper on marketing. The paper seeks to synchronize the various concepts that are harbored in tourism, their developments, and their shortcomings. The main aim of the report is to analyze the Great Wall of China as a tourist attraction in relation to the segmentation strategy that the attraction employs. In addition, the paper will present two pieces of marketing communication from the attraction that demonstrates its segmentation strategy. This is in relation to the various marketing approaches that tourist attractions apply and subsequently implement to remain at the top of world-class tourist attractions. Primarily, it will focus on the Great Wall of China as a tourist attraction that has arguably made China a tourist destination not forgetting the economic input that it has brought to the Asian country.IntroductionTourism (Franklin 2003) sharply remains a force to reckon with whe n it comes to the social-cultural development of any given area across the world. In this regard, tourism nowadays regulates the economic development of not only developing countries but also developed countries. In the early years, tourism was seen as a preserve of the economically stable members of the society but with progression in years, it has been adopted by all classes in the society. This was a result of huge expenditures that accompanied tourism that was not parallel to most people’s income thus tourism became a luxurious affair and not a basic necessity. In light of this, the continued development of tourism has metamorphosized the exercise from a mere social activity to a business venture leading to the eminent development of the hospitality industry and also the management of tourist attraction sites by both the government and non-governmental organizations alike (Johan W. 2001).Tourism, tourist attraction, tourism marketing, and touristThe term tourism refers to the voluntary act of visiting luxurious places either for domestic or foreign purposes to sample new events, places and accustom themselves with newer cultural values across the globe. In light of this, tourism is practiced by individuals branded as tourists meaning that they simply ‘tour’ places. Tourism is also a learning experience as tourists gain a considerable amount of knowledge from the visits. For instance, they learn new cultures, languages and fashion trends that they carry home at the end of the tourist dispensation. Tourist attractions, therefore, provide ample leeway for the provision of foreign exchange that fosters development.Tourist attraction's viability is influential and advantageous only if the political atmosphere is contusive. This is because political administrations play a significant role in the realization of peace and democracy that foster tourism. It is highly unlikely that tourists will visit tourist attractions in a conflict country.

Correlation of BHP and CBP and CSL †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Correlation of BHP and CBP and CSL. Answer: Introduction: The cell B66, C66 and D66 portrays the overall average returns of the three companies, which is derived from the formula in Excel [=AVERAGE(B3:B64)]. Moreover, the same equation used on column C and D to derive the average returns of the stock. In the same stances, equation [=(PRODUCT(E3:E64)^(1/COUNT(E3:E64)))-1] is used to derive the overall Geometric mean of the companies. The cell B67, C67 and D67 has the geometric mean of the stocks used in the assessment. The same equation of geometric mean is used in all the three stops to derive the mean of the organization which will be used for constructing the portfolio. In addition, standard deviation is calculated with the help of =(SUM(H3:H64)/COUNT(H3:H64))^(1/2) equation for all the three stocks. The cell B68, C68 and D68 has the standard deviation value, which will be used in deriving the portfolio. The correlation of BHP and CBP and CSL is relatively calculated in column B71 by using the following formula: =((COUNT(K3:K64)*SUM(K3:K64))-(SUM(B3:B64)*SUM(C3:C64)))/((((COUNT(N3:N64)*SUM(N3:N64))-(SUM(B3:B64)^2))*((COUNT(O3:O64)*SUM(O3:O64))-(SUM(C3:C64)^2)))^(1/2)) . The correlations between BHP CSL and CBP CSL are calculated in the same manner. The formula used for computing the covariance between BHP and CBP in the cell E71 is as follows: =SUM(T3:T64)/(COUNT(T3:T64)-1) The same formula is applied to derive the other two covariances. Portfolio was used in the creation of efficient Frontier are placed in N10:N12, where adequate portfolio is created by using mean standard deviation and variance as their constraint. Weights are mainly calculated by using solver function of the excel, which detects the equalized portfolio value. In addition, the subject to constraints in the solver equation needs weights of each stock to be higher than zero and total weights to be 100%. This constraint mainly helps in detecting the actual variance and return that will be provided from the stock.The portfolio has Same return with Minimum Risk, which needs to be adjusted in the portfolio. In addition, the changes in weights is conducted by solver to by using the constraint of weights of each stock to be higher than zero, total weights to be 100% and minimum variance needs to be calculated. Moreover, weights are depicted in section N18:N20 for the minimum risk portfolio. The use of solver can be conducted for identify portfolio with Higher return with Minimum Risk, which can be conducted with adequate constraints in solver equation. The weights are depicted in section N26:N28. In the same condition and constraint tangent portfolio is calculated, where the weights are depicted in S26:S28. The slope is calculated with the equation [=(U25-U28)/U26]. In addition, the total weights are calculated in CSL, which is identified to be the adequate stock for tangent portfolio. The weights of S18:S20 is calculated with the help of solver equation, which helps in calculation the minimum variance portfolio and has the least risk involved in investment. The equation of solver discussed above can be conducted to identify the actual minimum variance portfolio. The Covar is calculated by using the function =MMULT(MMULT(TRANSPOSE(N18:N20),N3:P5),N26:N28), while the weight is detected to be 50%. In addition, the mean is calculated by using =(N34*P17)+((1-N34)*P25) and standard deviation equation is =SQRT(((N34^2)*(P18^2))+(((1-N34)^2)*(P26^2))+(2*N34*(1-N34)*N33)). The weight of portfolio is detected at 50%, while the mean is calculated from the equation =(S34*U28)+((1-S34)*U25) and standard deviation is calculated by suing =(1-S34)*U26 equation. Bibliography: Chandra, P. (2017).Investment analysis and portfolio management. McGraw-Hill Education. HA Davis, M., Lleo, S. (2015).Risk-Sensitive Investment Management

Japan Is A Constitutional Monarchy With A Parliamentary Government. Th

Japan is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government. The country's constitution was made on May 3, 1947 right when the U.S. took control of Japan following World War II. Under the constitution, Japan has universal adult suffrage with a secret ballot for all elective offices. Which basically means that all legal adults in the country can vote privately. Just like the U.S. their government is made up of an executive branch responsible to the legislative branch and an independent judicial branch. The national parliament, a.k.a The Diet, is made up of (somewhat like the U.S.) two houses: a House of Representatives (lower house) of 500 members and a House of Councillors (upper house) of 252 members. Executive power is given to a cabinet made up of a prime minister and ministers of state. Although, all of those prime ministers and ministers of state have to be civilians. The prime minister must be a member of The Diet, usually in the House of Representatives, and is chosen by his others in that house. The prime minister has the power to appoint and remove ministers, and mostly all have have to be Diet members. Japan's judicial system, which, again, is based off of the U.S.traditions, consists of several levels of courts, and the Supreme Court is the final judicial authority or the court that has the last word in any judicial issue. The constitution includes a bill of rights similar to the United States Bill of Rights, and the Supreme Court has the right of judicial review. Japanese courts do not employ a jury, and there are no administrative courts or claims courts like we have in the U.S. Court decisions are made with legal statutes; only Supreme Court decisions have any direct effect on later issues of the law. Japan does not have a federal system. It mostly depends heavily on the central government for help. Governors of regions in Japan(like the 50 states in the U.S.), mayors of large cities or towns, and state and city wide assembly members are popularly elected for four-year terms. In the lower house of the Diet, 300 members are elected in single-member districts and another 200 members are elected on equally in 11 regions of the country. Lower house members serve for four years, or until the prime minister changes the Diet, basically, whichever comes first. In the upper house, 152 members are elected in regional districts, while 100 are elected in nation-wide balloting. Upper house members serve for six years. The lower house is the more powerful of the two parliamentary houses. If the upper and lower houses cant agree on the choice of prime minister, the lower house takes charge, and budgets and treaties can be passed only with action by the lower house. Japan is a multiparty democracy that has experienced great stability in the postwar period. From 1955 until 1993, the conservative Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) ruled Japan without interruption. During that period, the main opposition party in the Diet was the Japan Socialist Party (JSP), which relied heavily on Japan's labor unions for support, and which in recent years has experienced a sharp decline in popularity. In 1993, a multiparty alliance took control without the LDP. However, the LDP was returned to power in June 1994 in an unpredictable alliance with the JSP and a small party, the Sakigake. In January, 1995 the LDP reclaimed the prime minister's chair, when Ryutaro Hashimoto replaced his JSP alliance partner, Tomiichi Murayama. Currently the largest parties in the parliament are the New Frontier Party and the Democratic Party of Japan, formed in 1996; all political parties except the Japan Communist Party (JCP) support the security alliance between the United States and Japan.

How to Say Goodbye in Chinese

How to Say Goodbye in Chinese Learn how to politely end a conversation in Chinese by knowing the different ways to say goodbye. The most common way to say bye is å† Ã¨ ¦â€¹, written in the traditional form, or å† Ã¨ § , written in simplified form. The pinyin pronunciation is zi jin.   Pronunciation In a previous  lesson,  we learned about  Mandarin Chinese tones.  Remember to always  learn new vocabulary  with its proper tones. Lets practice by saying goodbye in Mandarin Chinese. Audio links are marked with ââ€" º. Each of the two characters of å† Ã¨ ¦â€¹ / å† Ã¨ §  (zi jin) are pronounced in the fourth (falling) tone. Listen to the sound file and try to repeat the tones exactly as you hear them. ââ€" ºÃ‚   Character Explanation å† Ã¨ ¦â€¹ / å† Ã¨ §  (zi jin) is composed of two characters. It is possible to examine the meaning of each individual character, but it is important to remember that å† Ã¨ ¦â€¹ / å† Ã¨ §  (zi jin) is used together to form a complete phrase. Chinese characters have individual meanings, but the majority of Mandarin vocabulary is made of compounds of two or more characters. For interests sake, here are the translations of the two characters å†  and è ¦â€¹ / è § . å†  (zi):  again; once more; next in sequence; another è ¦â€¹ / è §  (jin): to see; to meet; to appear (to be something); to interview So a possible translation of å† Ã¨ ¦â€¹ / å† Ã¨ §  (zi jin) is again to meet. But, again, dont think of å† Ã¨ ¦â€¹ / å† Ã¨ §  (zi jin) as two words- it is one phrase that means goodbye. Other Ways To Say Goodbye Here are some other common ways to say goodbye. Listen to the sound files and try to reproduce the tones as closely as possible. ââ€" ºmà ­ng tiÄ n jin: 明å ¤ ©Ã¨ ¦â€¹ / 明å ¤ ©Ã¨ § : see you tomorrowââ€" ºyÄ « huÄ ­r jin: ä ¸â‚¬Ã¦Å"Æ'å…’è ¦â€¹ / ä ¸â‚¬Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¥â€ž ¿Ã¨ § : see you later (the same day)ââ€" ºhuà ­ tà ³u jin: 回é   ­Ã¨ ¦â€¹/回å ¤ ´Ã¨ § : see you later (the same day)

How have anthropologists responded to colonialism in different Essay - 2

How have anthropologists responded to colonialism in different historical moments - Essay Example In some cases, anthropology is into smaller units namely linguistic, bodily, archaeology and cultural anthropology. Therefore, anthropology seeks to understand the various facets of culture within a given society therefore reflects on the tools, techniques, values, beliefs, economic mechanisms, social institutions and struggles of prestige within any given societal setting (Pritchard, 1969, p.30). With a wider spec, applied anthropological study helps in solving modern problems. Anthropologists not only use colonialism as a historical object of observation but also as a technique of control, which emerged from colonial dialect. Anthropology categorizes colonialism in dissimilar ways. The anthropology of colonialism categorically seeks to determine contemporary anthropology in relation to the colonial background under which it emerged. Ethno history on the other hand, seeks to draw boundaries between history and anthropology, neo-Marxism and feminism for instance fuel economic interes t of change and consequently in colonialism among the peasant societies in relation to their mode of production and form of economy. Anthropology of colonialism’s notions, through culture and method, has always turned out to have specific colonial functions or uses (Asad, 1973, p.5). Evans-Pritchard, in his book, â€Å"The Nuer†, indicates that society surrounding the Nuer people happens through groups and cattle. The Nuer is a pastoralist community residing along the upper part of the Nile. Their social structure was drawn from individualistic perspectives and lacked laws and leaders. Social order in society was maintained based on societal values and tribe orientation within a lineage system (Pritchard, 1940, p.9). From a scholarly perspective however, â€Å"The Nuer† is an intensive ethnographic study coined by Evans-Pritchard about the unusual and interesting people. To this people, economic relationships are of social nature hence everything that the people of this ethnic setting do, is bound by the factor that they belong to one community and they are therefore bound by their relation by productive system. Evans Pritchard, through his book therefore emphasizes on the lack of laws, government, political organizations and authority in the social systems of the Nuer hence a paradox in their political structure. He denotes that classification among these people is only in their relation to other political setups and it arises because of tribal hostility and aggression. This therefore means that, the availability of tension brings about sense of form. Because of this, social life therefore balances wrongs and individuals within the society. Through Evans-Pritchard’s writings, it is clearly indicating that through anthropologies colonialism should actually be analyzed as a culture, which has an origin from colonial control, which is set on a historical background, in this case, therefore, culture and history supplement each other in the manner in which they relate. In order to understand this interesting relationship, one ought to know the classifications and functions of culture through the history of colonial governments. Through the understanding of Evans-Pritchard’s work, we can deduce that anthropologists and historians in most instances agree that we all ought to be sensitive to contexts. The Nuer, therefore,